M14b: DMA memory (dma_alloc / dma_free)
An HCD programs a bus-master engine: it needs a descriptor ring that is physically contiguous, at a physical address it knows, uncacheable, and pinned. mmap gives none of those. Add dma_alloc(len, flags) -> vaddr (rax), paddr (rdx) and dma_free(vaddr, len): grant contiguous, zeroed, pinned, strong-uncacheable memory in a per-process DMA arena (PML4[228]) and hand back both addresses. Pieces: pmm.allocContiguous(count, max_phys) finds a run of contiguous free frames below a cap (dma_below_4g for 32-bit engines); mapUserDmaInto maps them uncacheable (PCD|PWT) but WITHOUT device_grant, so unlike an MMIO grant these frames are real RAM and freeSubtree returns them on teardown — a driver that dies leaks nothing. dma_free is bounded to the DMA arena so it can never unmap the caller's stack/heap/MMIO. dma_write_combining is accepted but falls back to coherent (WC needs PAT programming). Runtime: runtime.dma.alloc/free (a two-return-value stub, like replyWait). New `dma` kernel test drives the mechanism directly — contiguity, the below-4G cap, coherent mapping, and reclaim-on-teardown (no leak). The thin syscall wrappers follow the tested mmap/mmio_map shape and land their first real use with the first DMA driver. Suite 38/38 plus host tests.
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@@ -173,3 +173,31 @@ pub fn free(address: u64) void {
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used_frames -= 1;
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if (f < next_hint) next_hint = f;
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}
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/// Allocate `count` physically **contiguous** frames whose highest byte is below
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/// `max_phys` (pass `~0` for no limit; use a real limit for DMA engines with 32-bit
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/// addressing). Returns the physical base, or null if no free run of that size fits.
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/// A DMA descriptor ring needs contiguity, a known physical address, and pinning —
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/// none of which one-frame `alloc` gives. Linear scan for a run of clear bits: fine
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/// for the small rings DMA needs; a buddy allocator is a later optimisation. The
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/// frames are freed individually with `free`, so there is no bespoke free path.
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pub fn allocContiguous(count: usize, max_phys: u64) ?u64 {
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if (count == 0) return null;
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const limit: usize = @intCast(@min(@as(u64, total_frames), max_phys / page_size));
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var start: usize = 1; // frame 0 stays reserved as the "none" address
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while (start + count <= limit) {
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if (isUsed(start)) {
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start += 1;
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continue;
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}
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var run: usize = 0;
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while (run < count and !isUsed(start + run)) : (run += 1) {}
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if (run == count) {
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for (0..count) |i| setUsed(start + i);
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used_frames += count;
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return @as(u64, start) * page_size;
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}
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start += run + 1; // the frame at start+run is used; skip past it
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}
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return null; // no contiguous run of `count` frames below max_phys
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}
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