diff --git a/system/drivers/usb-xhci-bus/usb-xhci-bus.zig b/system/drivers/usb-xhci-bus/usb-xhci-bus.zig
index 313a92c..fae9393 100644
--- a/system/drivers/usb-xhci-bus/usb-xhci-bus.zig
+++ b/system/drivers/usb-xhci-bus/usb-xhci-bus.zig
@@ -200,10 +200,6 @@ fn scanPorts(manager: runtime.ipc.Handle) void {
     };
     std.log.info("{d} root-hub ports", .{engine.max_ports});
 
-    // Diagnostic: the USB2/USB3 root-port map (xECP) + every port's raw PORTSC,
-    // to find a USB2 companion hub that isn't presenting a connection.
-    engine.dumpPortTopology();
-
     var port: u32 = 1;
     var connected: u32 = 0;
     while (port <= engine.max_ports) : (port += 1) {
@@ -212,7 +208,10 @@ fn scanPorts(manager: runtime.ipc.Handle) void {
         connected += 1;
         bringUpPort(manager, engine, port);
     }
-    if (connected == 0) _ = runtime.system.write("/system/drivers/usb-xhci-bus: no devices connected\n");
+    if (connected == 0) {
+        _ = runtime.system.write("/system/drivers/usb-xhci-bus: no devices connected\n");
+        engine.dumpPortTopology(); // help diagnose an empty scan: the xECP map + raw PORTSC
+    }
 }
 
 /// Bring up whatever is on `port`: setup + enumerate + register/report one child
@@ -272,8 +271,9 @@ fn hubPortKey(hub_slot: u8, port: u16) u32 {
 fn bringUpBehindHub(manager: runtime.ipc.Handle, engine: *library.Controller, hub: *library.Device, port: u16) void {
     const status = engine.hubPortStatusAck(hub, port) orelse return;
     const connected = library.Controller.hubPortConnected(status);
-    std.log.info("hub slot {d} port {d} status 0x{x:0>8} ({s})", .{ hub.slot_id, port, status, if (connected) "connected" else "empty" });
     const existing = engine.deviceOnHubPort(hub, port);
+    if (connected != (existing != null)) // only when a device appears or leaves — not empty seed-sweep ports
+        std.log.info("hub slot {d} port {d}: {s} (status 0x{x:0>4})", .{ hub.slot_id, port, if (connected) "device connected" else "device removed", status & 0xFFFF });
 
     if (!connected) {
         if (existing) |dev| tearDownHubDevice(manager, engine, dev);