build: the unix paths retire — configuration, logs, and volumes move into the danos tree

/etc/init.csv and /etc/devices.csv become /system/configuration/*.csv (the
repo's etc/ moves to system/configuration/, mirroring the runtime tree),
/var/log becomes /system/logs, and /mnt/usb becomes /volumes/usb. The
kernel VFS gains a carve-out so FAT may serve exactly /system/configuration
and /system/logs beneath the initrd-backed /system while /system and /test
themselves stay unshadowable; FAT's single /var mount splits into those two
rewritten mounts. The kvfs readdir check learns /system's third child and
the ramdisk spawn sweep skips the configuration tree.

Suite 106/106.

build.zig

@@ -115,7 +115,8 @@ fn driverArtifact(comptime package: []const u8, comptime artifact: []const u8) S
 
 /// The production ship table — what a plain `zig build` image contains,
 /// beyond the specials the build fn adds around it (init, discovery, the
-/// /etc data files; the /test fixtures join only under -Dtest-case).
+/// /system/configuration data files; the /test fixtures join only under
+/// -Dtest-case).
 /// Selecting what goes into a build = selecting rows: a package in no row is
 /// not just unshipped, its build file is never even loaded
 /// (docs/build-packages-plan.md).
@@ -265,9 +266,9 @@ pub fn build(b: *std.Build) void {
     // (receives the root's -Dserial as a dependency option — its liveness
     // heartbeat is a serial/test-build diagnostic the QEMU harness asserts
     // on; a flashable image leaves it out), discovery (the -Ddiscovery pick),
-    // and the /etc data files. Each binary builds itself against the domain
+    // and the /system/configuration data files. Each binary builds itself
-    // packages via build-support's shared recipe; the root just takes
+    // against the domain packages via build-support's shared recipe; the root
-    // artifacts (docs/build-packages-plan.md).
+    // just takes artifacts (docs/build-packages-plan.md).
     var bundled_list: std.ArrayListUnmanaged(images.BundledBinary) = .empty;
     bundled_list.append(b.allocator, .{
         .path = "system/services/init",
@@ -300,15 +301,16 @@ pub fn build(b: *std.Build) void {
             .binary = b.dependency(row.package, .{}).artifact(row.artifact).getEmittedBin(),
         }) catch @panic("OOM");
     }
-    // Data files, not binaries: packing them under /etc makes the kernel
+    // Data files, not binaries: packing them under /system/configuration rides
-    // auto-mount /etc as a read-only initrd tree (system/kernel/vfs.zig
+    // the kernel's read-only initrd mount of /system (system/kernel/vfs.zig
     // setInitialRamdisk) — the device manager reads its registry and init its
     // service list with no filesystem service running. -Ddiagnose selects the
     // init.csv variant that omits the display stack (so the kernel's boot
-    // transcript stays on screen); both bundle at the same /etc/init.csv path.
+    // transcript stays on screen); both bundle at the same
-    const init_csv_source = if (diagnose) "etc/init-diagnose.csv" else "etc/init.csv";
+    // /system/configuration/init.csv path.
-    bundled_list.append(b.allocator, .{ .path = "etc/devices.csv", .binary = b.path("etc/devices.csv") }) catch @panic("OOM");
+    const init_csv_source = if (diagnose) "system/configuration/init-diagnose.csv" else "system/configuration/init.csv";
-    bundled_list.append(b.allocator, .{ .path = "etc/init.csv", .binary = b.path(init_csv_source) }) catch @panic("OOM");
+    bundled_list.append(b.allocator, .{ .path = "system/configuration/devices.csv", .binary = b.path("system/configuration/devices.csv") }) catch @panic("OOM");
+    bundled_list.append(b.allocator, .{ .path = "system/configuration/init.csv", .binary = b.path(init_csv_source) }) catch @panic("OOM");
     // A no-option build assumes neither -Dtest-case nor -Ddiagnose: it ships the
     // production set only. The userspace test fixtures under /test join in only
     // for a test build — which the QEMU harness signals by passing

build/images.zig

@@ -83,7 +83,7 @@ pub fn addImageSteps(b: *std.Build, options: Options) std.Build.LazyPath {
     // holding the EFI stub, the kernel, and the whole /system tree of user
     // binaries at their FHS paths. QEMU presents this image as a USB mass-storage
     // device the guest boots from (see run-x86-64 and the test harness), and the
-    // danos fat driver mounts the same image at /mnt/usb.
+    // danos fat driver mounts the same image at /volumes/usb.
     const fat_image = addBootImage(b, options.kernel.getEmittedBin(), options.efi.getEmittedBin(), manifest_file, capsule_img, options.bundled);
     const fat_image_install = b.addInstallFile(fat_image, "danos-usb.img");
     b.getInstallStep().dependOn(&fat_image_install.step);

build/qemu.zig

@@ -42,8 +42,8 @@ pub fn addRunSteps(b: *std.Build, fat_image_serial: std.Build.LazyPath) void {
     const vars_out = vars_copy.addOutputFileArg("OVMF_VARS.4m.fd");
 
     // Capture the guest's serial0 (danos's machine-readable log) to the qemu-test
-    // scratch area — a dev/host artifact, kept out of the FHS boot volume we mount.
+    // scratch area — a dev/host artifact, kept out of the boot volume we mount.
-    // (/var/log/system is reserved for the kernel's own logging system later.) One
+    // (/system/logs on the volume belongs to the guest's own logger.) One
     // timestamped file per run.
     const log_dir = b.fmt("{s}/qemu-test", .{b.install_path});
     const make_log_dir = b.addSystemCommand(&.{ "mkdir", "-p", log_dir });

docs/security-track-plan.md

@@ -32,7 +32,7 @@ the logging/USB-lifecycle track).
 ## Status
 
 - [x] **Phase 0** — baseline: suite green on `main` (106/106, 2026-07-31; `zig build` + `zig build test` clean at 9a32380), plan committed
-- [ ] **PM** — path-migration flag-day (`/etc`→`/system/configuration`, `/var/log`→`/system/logs`, `/mnt/usb`→`/volumes/usb`)
+- [x] **PM** — path-migration flag-day (`/etc`→`/system/configuration`, `/var/log`→`/system/logs`, `/mnt/usb`→`/volumes/usb`; vfs carve-out for the two writable `/system` subtrees, FAT's `/var` mount split in two; suite 106/106)
 - [ ] **H1** — the `user-memory` module; nine stragglers converted; leaf U/S+W checks
 - [ ] **merge** group 1 → main, push
 - [ ] **P1** — envelope module + `Define`; vfs `NodeKind.protocol` + open-reply-capability; client `Channel`

library/csv/build.zig

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 //! The "csv" library domain: shared CSV helpers (comment stripping, field
-//! iteration) for the /etc/*.csv config files — the device registry and the
+//! iteration) for the /system/configuration/*.csv config files — the device registry and the
 //! init service list both parse them.
 
 const std = @import("std");

library/csv/csv.zig

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
-//! Minimal CSV helpers shared by the `/etc/*.csv` config files — the device
+//! Minimal CSV helpers shared by the `/system/configuration/*.csv` config files — the device
-//! registry (`/etc/devices.csv`) and the init service list (`/etc/init.csv`).
+//! registry (`/system/configuration/devices.csv`) and the init service list (`/system/configuration/init.csv`).
 //! Freestanding, no allocator: returned fields are slices into the source line,
 //! so the source must outlive them. `#` starts a comment (whole-line or trailing);
 //! whitespace around a field is trimmed, so columns may be padded for alignment.

library/device/build.zig

@@ -97,7 +97,7 @@ pub fn build(b: *std.Build) void {
             .{ .name = "block-protocol", .module = protocol.module("block-protocol") },
         },
     });
-    // The device registry: parse /etc/devices.csv into match rules and bind a
+    // The device registry: parse /system/configuration/devices.csv into match rules and bind a
     // reported device to a driver. Pure logic (no hardware, no syscalls), so it
     // unit-tests on the host; the device manager imports it.
     _ = b.addModule("device-registry", .{

library/device/build.zig.zon

@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@
         .kernel = .{ .path = "../kernel" },
         // driver speaks device-manager-protocol; block/usb their transfer protocols.
         .protocol = .{ .path = "../protocol" },
-        // device-registry parses /etc/devices.csv with the shared csv helpers.
+        // device-registry parses /system/configuration/devices.csv with the shared csv helpers.
         .csv = .{ .path = "../csv" },
     },
     .paths = .{""},

library/device/model/device-abi.zig

@@ -126,7 +126,7 @@ pub const DeviceDescriptor = extern struct {
     // names with the pci-class module.
     pci_class: u64,
     // Numeric identity beyond the class triple, mirrored in the bus report's
-    // ChildAdded so /etc/devices.csv can bind on it: `vendor`/`device` are the PCI
+    // ChildAdded so /system/configuration/devices.csv can bind on it: `vendor`/`device` are the PCI
     // vendor/device (or USB idVendor/idProduct), `subsystem` is the PCI subsystem id
     // packed `(subsystem_vendor << 16) | subsystem_device`. Zero where the bus has no
     // such concept. Defaulted so existing descriptor literals keep compiling and lay

library/device/registry/device-registry.zig

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-//! The device registry: parse `/etc/devices.csv` into match rules and bind a
+//! The device registry: parse `/system/configuration/devices.csv` into match rules and bind a
 //! reported device to a driver. This is the data-driven replacement for the
 //! device manager's three hand-written `switch` tables (`pciDriverForIdentity`,
 //! `hidDriverFor`, `usbDriverForIdentity`); the registry is now **authoritative**
@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@
 //! That keeps this module freestanding and unit-testable with plain `zig test`.
 //!
 //! The file format (docs/device-driver-development/device-manager.md, and the
-//! `/etc/devices.csv` header itself): one rule per line, nine comma-separated
+//! `/system/configuration/devices.csv` header itself): one rule per line, nine comma-separated
 //! fields, `#` starts a comment (whole-line or trailing), blank lines ignored.
 //!
 //!     bus, base, class, prog_if, vendor, device, subsystem, hid, driver
@@ -226,7 +226,7 @@ fn parseLine(line: []const u8) Line {
     } };
 }
 
-/// Parse a whole `/etc/devices.csv` into `out_rules`. The string fields of the
+/// Parse a whole `/system/configuration/devices.csv` into `out_rules`. The string fields of the
 /// returned rules point into `source`, which must outlive them.
 pub fn parse(source: []const u8, out_rules: []Rule) ParseResult {
     var result: ParseResult = .{ .count = 0, .malformed = 0, .truncated = false };

library/kernel/file-system.zig

@@ -305,7 +305,7 @@ pub fn makePath(path: []const u8) bool {
         while (end < path.len and path[end] != '/') end += 1;
         const prefix = path[0..end];
         if (prefix.len == 0 or (prefix.len == 1 and prefix[0] == '/')) continue;
-        // Best-effort per prefix: components at or above a mount point ("/mnt")
+        // Best-effort per prefix: components at or above a mount point ("/volumes")
         // are router names, not filesystem nodes — they neither exist as nodes
         // nor accept mkdir, and that is fine. Only the final verdict counts.
         if (!exists(prefix)) _ = makeDirectory(prefix);
@@ -348,8 +348,9 @@ pub fn mount(target: []const u8, backend: ipc.Handle) bool {
 }
 
 /// As `mount`, with a backend-side rewrite prefix: a path under `target` reaches
-/// the backend as `rewrite` + the mount-relative tail. How one volume serves two
+/// the backend as `rewrite` + the mount-relative tail. How one volume serves
-/// mounts ("/mnt/usb" from its root, "/var" from its /var subtree).
+/// several mounts ("/volumes/usb" from its root, "/system/logs" from its
+/// /system/logs subtree).
 pub fn mountRewritten(target: []const u8, backend: ipc.Handle, rewrite: []const u8) bool {
     return fsMount(target, backend, rewrite);
 }

library/protocol/device-manager/device-manager-protocol.zig

@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@
 pub const version: u16 = 1;
 
 /// Which bus a `child_added` came from — stated by the reporting bus driver so
-/// the manager's /etc/devices.csv matcher knows how to read the report's identity
+/// the manager's /system/configuration/devices.csv matcher knows how to read the report's identity
 /// (a PCI class triple vs a USB class triple are the same 24 bits but different
 /// namespaces) and which `bus` column a rule must name to bind it. `unknown` is
 /// the zero default, so an un-upgraded reporter fails to match rather than
@@ -96,7 +96,7 @@ pub const ChildAdded = extern struct {
     /// for an unregistered leaf (a USB port before the descriptor track).
     device_id: u64 = no_device,
     /// The vendor id (PCI vendor / USB idVendor), or 0 when the bus has no such
-    /// concept (ACPI). Carried so the manager's /etc/devices.csv matcher can bind
+    /// concept (ACPI). Carried so the manager's /system/configuration/devices.csv matcher can bind
     /// on vendor — a level the bus-native `identity` (a class triple) cannot express.
     vendor: u16 = 0,
     /// The device id (PCI device / USB idProduct), or 0. The most specific numeric

system/abi.zig

@@ -295,7 +295,7 @@ pub const ServiceId = enum(u32) {
     power = 5, // system power: events (button, lid, battery) + shutdown (docs/power.md; domain-named per docs/discovery.md — the acpi service registers it on x86, a PSCI service will on ARM)
     usb_bus = 6, // the xHCI host-controller driver's transfer endpoint; USB class drivers look it up and `callCap`-open their device to get a private per-device transfer channel (docs/driver-model.md)
     block = 7, // a block-device driver (USB mass storage today): read/write of fixed-size blocks, the storage a filesystem sits on
-    fat = 8, // the FAT filesystem server; the VFS mounts it and forwards paths under its mount point (/mnt/usb) to it
+    fat = 8, // the FAT filesystem server; the VFS mounts it and forwards paths under its mount point (/volumes/usb) to it
     display = 9, // the display service: owns the framebuffer, composites a layer stack, presents frames (docs/display.md)
     shared_memory_test = 10, // the shared-memory test server (V2): a client passes it a shared-memory capability, it maps + verifies (docs/display-v2.md)
     scanout = 11, // a native scanout driver (virtio-gpu): the compositor finds it here to upgrade off the GOP framebuffer (docs/display-v2.md)

system/configuration/devices.csv

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-# /etc/devices.csv — the device→driver registry.
+# /system/configuration/devices.csv — the device→driver registry.
 #
 # The device manager reads this at boot and binds each device a bus driver
 # reports to the driver named here. It is AUTHORITATIVE: a device that no row

system/configuration/init-diagnose.csv

@@ -1,9 +1,10 @@
-# /etc/init.csv — diagnose variant (-Ddiagnose), bundled at /etc/init.csv.
+# /system/configuration/init.csv — diagnose variant (-Ddiagnose), bundled at
+# /system/configuration/init.csv.
 #
 # The display stack (display, display-demo) is omitted so the kernel's timestamped
 # on-screen boot transcript is never suppressed — the bring-up timeline (USB,
-# storage, logger) stays readable on real hardware with no serial. See etc/init.csv
+# storage, logger) stays readable on real hardware with no serial. See
-# for the format; this file must otherwise track it.
+# system/configuration/init.csv for the format; this file must otherwise track it.
 #
 # service                          args...
 /system/services/input

system/configuration/init.csv

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-# /etc/init.csv — the services init (PID 1) starts at boot, in order.
+# /system/configuration/init.csv — the services init (PID 1) starts at boot, in order.
 #
 # init reads this at startup and spawns each service supervised (restarting it on
 # a crash, up to a cap). Startup order is top->bottom; shutdown is the reverse, so
@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@
 # '#' starts a comment (whole-line or trailing); blank lines are ignored. The
 # first field is the service binary path; any fields after it are the service's
 # argv. Drivers are absent on purpose — the device manager discovers hardware and
-# spawns those (see /etc/devices.csv).
+# spawns those (see /system/configuration/devices.csv).
 #
 # service                          args...
 /system/services/input

system/drivers/pci-bus/pci-bus.zig

@@ -21,7 +21,7 @@ const logging = @import("logging");
 const device_manager_protocol = @import("device-manager-protocol");
 const pci_class = @import("pci-class");
 
-/// Log a discovered function as its would-be /etc/devices.csv columns (bus, base,
+/// Log a discovered function as its would-be /system/configuration/devices.csv columns (bus, base,
 /// class, prog_if, vendor, device, subsystem) followed by the human-readable
 /// class/subclass/prog-IF names — so a row for a new driver reads straight off the
 /// boot log. `subsystem` prints as `*` when the function has none, matching the CSV
@@ -154,7 +154,7 @@ fn registerAndReport(bus: u64, dev: u64, function: u64, class_triple: u32) void
     descriptor.class = @intFromEnum(device.DeviceClass.pci_device);
     descriptor.pci_class = class_triple;
     // Vendor/device from the first config dword (0x00): low half vendor, high half
-    // device. These carry to the manager's /etc/devices.csv matcher so a function
+    // device. These carry to the manager's /system/configuration/devices.csv matcher so a function
     // can bind on its exact 1AF4:1050 identity, not just its class triple.
     const vendor_device = configRead(bus, dev, function, 0x00);
     descriptor.vendor = @truncate(vendor_device);

system/drivers/usb-xhci-bus/usb-xhci-bus.zig

@@ -459,7 +459,7 @@ fn reportInterface(manager: ipc.Handle, port: u32, interface: library.InterfaceI
         return null;
     };
     // The devices.csv columns (bus=usb, and the class triple as base/class/prog_if)
-    // then the human-readable interface name — a would-be /etc/devices.csv row read
+    // then the human-readable interface name — a would-be /system/configuration/devices.csv row read
     // straight off the boot log.
     std.log.info("port {d} interface {d}  bus=usb base={X:0>2} class={X:0>2} prog_if={X:0>2}  —  {s}  registered as device {d}", .{
         port,

system/drivers/virtio-gpu/virtio-gpu.zig

@@ -205,7 +205,7 @@ fn initialise(endpoint: ipc.Handle) bool {
         return false;
     };
 
-    // Config space is resource 0. The registry (/etc/devices.csv) bound this driver by the
+    // Config space is resource 0. The registry (/system/configuration/devices.csv) bound this driver by the
     // exact virtio-gpu identity (vendor 0x1AF4 / device 0x1050), so there is no re-confirm to
     // do here any more — map config space and enable memory-space decode + bus mastering (the
     // device DMAs the ring and backing out of RAM; pci-bus only preserves whatever the firmware

system/kernel/log-ring.zig

@@ -161,7 +161,7 @@ test "append/read round trip" {
     defer std.testing.allocator.destroy(ring);
     ring.* = .{};
 
-    _ = ring.append(7, "/system/services/fat", .info, 123, "mounted /mnt/usb", false);
+    _ = ring.append(7, "/system/services/fat", .info, 123, "mounted /volumes/usb", false);
     _ = ring.append(0, "kernel", .raw, 456, "wall clock online", false);
 
     const first = parseAt(ring, ring.tail);
@@ -169,7 +169,7 @@ test "append/read round trip" {
     try std.testing.expectEqual(abi.KlogLevel.info, first.header.level);
     try std.testing.expectEqual(@as(u64, 123), first.header.timestamp_ns);
     try std.testing.expectEqualStrings("/system/services/fat", first.nameSlice());
-    try std.testing.expectEqualStrings("mounted /mnt/usb", first.messageSlice());
+    try std.testing.expectEqualStrings("mounted /volumes/usb", first.messageSlice());
 
     const second = parseAt(ring, first.next(ring.tail));
     try std.testing.expectEqual(@as(u32, 0), second.header.pid);

system/kernel/tests.zig

@@ -1970,7 +1970,7 @@ fn initTest(boot_information: *const BootInformation) void {
     check("init loaded and spawned as a process", spawned);
 
     // Wait (real time) until the LAST write is a heartbeat — proving init got
-    // through its boot chatter (heap ok, the /etc/init.csv lookup) and settled
+    // through its boot chatter (heap ok, the /system/configuration/init.csv lookup) and settled
     // into its beat-and-sleep loop (~1 s between beats). Waiting on the text
     // rather than a raw write count: the boot chatter alone satisfies a count,
     // which is exactly the too-early check that used to fail here.
@@ -2220,7 +2220,7 @@ fn vfsClientDeathTest(boot_information: *const BootInformation) void {
     };
 
     process.write_count = 0;
-    // The full tree: the storage chain must come up for /mnt/usb to exist —
+    // The full tree: the storage chain must come up for /volumes/usb to exist —
     // the fat server (not a router) now owns client file state and its sweep.
     process.setInitialRamdisk(image);
     const init_ok = if (process.spawnBundled("/system/services/init")) true else |_| false;
@@ -2606,7 +2606,7 @@ fn usbStorageTest(boot_information: *const BootInformation) void {
 
 /// The FAT mount chain: boot the full tree (init spawns the fat server, which
 /// brings up the USB storage chain, mounts the FAT volume, and mounts itself into
-/// the VFS at /mnt/usb), then spawn a fat-test client that lists and reads through
+/// the VFS at /volumes/usb), then spawn a fat-test client that lists and reads through
 /// the mount. The harness attaches a usb-storage device; the expect regex requires
 /// the fat mount and the client's success.
 fn fatMountTest(boot_information: *const BootInformation) void {
@@ -2801,11 +2801,13 @@ fn initialRamdiskTest(boot_information: *const BootInformation) void {
     var i: u32 = 0;
     while (i < rd.count) : (i += 1) {
         const item = rd.entry(i) orelse continue;
-        // The FHS boot tree ferries data files too (/etc/devices.csv,
+        // The boot tree ferries data files too (/system/configuration/devices.csv,
-        // /etc/init.csv — served read-only by the kernel VFS, never spawned);
+        // /system/configuration/init.csv — served read-only by the kernel VFS,
-        // only the /system and /test trees hold programs, so only those count
+        // never spawned); only the /system and /test trees hold programs, and
-        // toward the spawn-everything sweep.
+        // /system/configuration holds none, so only the rest counts toward the
-        const is_program = std.mem.startsWith(u8, item.name, "/system/") or
+        // spawn-everything sweep.
+        const is_program = (std.mem.startsWith(u8, item.name, "/system/") and
+            !std.mem.startsWith(u8, item.name, "/system/configuration/")) or
             std.mem.startsWith(u8, item.name, "/test/");
         if (!is_program) continue;
         programs += 1;
@@ -3267,21 +3269,23 @@ fn kernelVfsTest(boot_information: *const BootInformation) void {
         check("its first bytes are an ELF magic", n == 4 and header[0] == 0x7f and header[1] == 'E' and header[2] == 'L' and header[3] == 'F');
     }
 
-    // Directories resolve and enumerate: /system lists services/drivers.
+    // Directories resolve and enumerate: /system lists services/drivers/
+    // configuration (the CSV data files ride the same initrd tree).
     const root_directory = kernel_vfs.resolvePath("/system", false);
     check("/system resolves to a directory node", root_directory == .kernel_node);
     var saw_services = false;
     var saw_drivers = false;
+    var saw_configuration = false;
     var saw_stray_in_root = false;
     var saw_files_in_services = false;
     if (root_directory == .kernel_node) {
         var cursor: u64 = 0;
         var name: [64]u8 = undefined;
         while (kernel_vfs.nodeReaddir(root_directory.kernel_node, cursor, &name)) |entry| : (cursor += 1) {
-            if (eql(name[0..entry.name_len], "services")) saw_services = true else if (eql(name[0..entry.name_len], "drivers")) saw_drivers = true else saw_stray_in_root = true;
+            if (eql(name[0..entry.name_len], "services")) saw_services = true else if (eql(name[0..entry.name_len], "drivers")) saw_drivers = true else if (eql(name[0..entry.name_len], "configuration")) saw_configuration = true else saw_stray_in_root = true;
         }
     }
-    check("readdir /system yields services and drivers", saw_services and saw_drivers);
+    check("readdir /system yields services, drivers, configuration", saw_services and saw_drivers and saw_configuration);
     check("readdir /system yields nothing else (no /test leakage)", !saw_stray_in_root);
     const services = kernel_vfs.resolvePath("/system/services", false);
     if (services == .kernel_node) {

system/kernel/vfs.zig

@@ -7,7 +7,8 @@
 //!     mount (the initrd trees at /system and /test, the scratch ram nodes) resolves to a
 //!     stateless node TOKEN served directly by `fs_node` (read/status/readdir
 //!     with copy-out). A path under a USERSPACE mount (the fat server at
-//!     /mnt/usb and /var) resolves to the backend's ENDPOINT: the kernel
+//!     /volumes/usb, /system/configuration, and /system/logs) resolves to the
+//!     backend's ENDPOINT: the kernel
 //!     installs a (deduplicated) handle in the caller's table, rewrites the
 //!     path mount-relative, and the caller speaks the unchanged vfs-protocol
 //!     to the backend over the ordinary ipc_call rendezvous. The kernel never
@@ -21,9 +22,10 @@
 //! Mounting is `fs_mount(prefix, backend_handle, rewrite)`: possession of the
 //! backend endpoint handle is the capability, exactly the trust of the old
 //! userspace router's op-6 cap-pass. An optional REWRITE prefix maps the mount
-//! into the backend's namespace ("/var" -> fat's "/var" subtree while the same
+//! into the backend's namespace ("/system/logs" -> the boot volume's
-//! backend also serves "/mnt/usb" from its root), so FHS paths stay decoupled
+//! identically-named subtree while the same backend also serves "/volumes/usb"
-//! from which volume happens to carry them.
+//! from its root), so hierarchy paths stay decoupled from which volume happens
+//! to carry them.
 
 const std = @import("std");
 const abi = @import("abi");
@@ -99,7 +101,7 @@ var directory_count: usize = 0;
 /// If `path` lies under `mount_prefix` — equal to it, or the prefix followed by
 /// a path separator — return the path relative to the mount ("/" for an exact
 /// match, otherwise the tail beginning with '/'). Null when not under the
-/// mount, so "/mnt/usb" never captures "/mnt/usbextra".
+/// mount, so "/volumes/usb" never captures "/volumes/usbextra".
 pub fn underMount(path: []const u8, mount_prefix: []const u8) ?[]const u8 {
     if (path.len < mount_prefix.len) return null;
     if (!std.mem.eql(u8, path[0..mount_prefix.len], mount_prefix)) return null;
@@ -326,14 +328,30 @@ pub fn nodeReaddir(node_token: u64, cursor: u64, name_out: []u8) ?struct { heade
 
 // --- mount/unmount (syscall bodies; caller resolved the handle) --------------
 
+/// The writable subtrees a backend may mount beneath an initrd tree — exactly
+/// these two, nothing else. Longest-prefix resolution then routes them to the
+/// volume while every other /system and /test path stays initrd-served, so no
+/// bundled binary can ever be shadowed.
+const initrd_carve_outs = [_][]const u8{ "/system/configuration", "/system/logs" };
+
+fn isInitrdCarveOut(prefix: []const u8) bool {
+    for (initrd_carve_outs) |allowed| {
+        if (std.mem.eql(u8, prefix, allowed)) return true;
+    }
+    return false;
+}
+
 /// Mount `backend` at `prefix` with an optional backend-side `rewrite` prefix.
 /// The endpoint reference is taken by the caller (process.zig bumps it); refuses
-/// shadowing or replacing the initrd trees (/system, /test).
+/// shadowing or replacing the initrd trees (/system, /test) — except the two
+/// carve-outs in `initrd_carve_outs`, the writable configuration/log subtrees.
 pub fn mountBackend(prefix: []const u8, backend: *ipc.Endpoint, rewrite: []const u8) bool {
     if (!isAbsolute(prefix) or prefix.len < 2 or prefix.len > maximum_prefix) return false;
     if (rewrite.len > maximum_rewrite) return false;
-    for (&mounts) |*m| { // the initrd trees are not shadowable
+    for (&mounts) |*m| { // the initrd trees are not shadowable (carve-outs aside)
-        if (m.used and m.kind == .kernel_initrd and underMount(prefix, m.prefixSlice()) != null) return false;
+        if (m.used and m.kind == .kernel_initrd and underMount(prefix, m.prefixSlice()) != null) {
+            if (!isInitrdCarveOut(prefix)) return false;
+        }
     }
     installMount(prefix, .backend, backend, rewrite);
     return true;
@@ -353,12 +371,12 @@ pub fn unmount(prefix: []const u8) bool {
 // --- tests (host) ------------------------------------------------------------
 
 test "underMount matches only at path boundaries" {
-    try std.testing.expectEqualStrings("/", underMount("/mnt/usb", "/mnt/usb").?);
+    try std.testing.expectEqualStrings("/", underMount("/volumes/usb", "/volumes/usb").?);
-    try std.testing.expectEqualStrings("/system/kernel", underMount("/mnt/usb/system/kernel", "/mnt/usb").?);
+    try std.testing.expectEqualStrings("/system/kernel", underMount("/volumes/usb/system/kernel", "/volumes/usb").?);
-    try std.testing.expect(underMount("/mnt/usbextra", "/mnt/usb") == null);
+    try std.testing.expect(underMount("/volumes/usbextra", "/volumes/usb") == null);
-    try std.testing.expect(underMount("/mnt", "/mnt/usb") == null);
+    try std.testing.expect(underMount("/volumes", "/volumes/usb") == null);
-    try std.testing.expect(underMount("/other", "/mnt/usb") == null);
+    try std.testing.expect(underMount("/other", "/volumes/usb") == null);
-    try std.testing.expect(underMount("greeting", "/mnt/usb") == null);
+    try std.testing.expect(underMount("greeting", "/volumes/usb") == null);
 }
 
 test "parentOf walks toward the root" {

system/services/acpi/acpi.zig

@@ -215,7 +215,7 @@ fn onInit(endpoint: ipc.Handle) bool {
         const entry = registered[i];
         const hid = entry.hid[0..entry.hid_len];
         // The devices.csv columns (bus=acpi, hid) then the human-readable name — a
-        // would-be /etc/devices.csv row read straight off the boot log.
+        // would-be /system/configuration/devices.csv row read straight off the boot log.
         const desc = acpi_ids.description(hid);
         if (desc.len != 0)
             std.log.info("device {d}  bus=acpi hid={s}  —  {s}  ({d} resources)", .{ entry.device_id, hid, desc, entry.resource_count })

system/services/device-manager/device-manager.zig

@@ -28,7 +28,7 @@ const registry = @import("device-registry");
 const fs = @import("file-system");
 
 // --- the device registry ------------------------------------------------------
-// Driver matching is data-driven and authoritative: /etc/devices.csv (parsed by
+// Driver matching is data-driven and authoritative: /system/configuration/devices.csv (parsed by
 // the device-registry module) names, per bus, which driver binds a reported
 // device, the most-specific match winning. There is no compiled-in fallback — a
 // device no row matches goes unbound and is logged. This retired the hand-kept
@@ -41,12 +41,12 @@ var registry_source: [8192]u8 = undefined;
 var registry_rules: [64]registry.Rule = undefined;
 var registry_count: usize = 0;
 
-/// Read and parse /etc/devices.csv once at boot. The file lives in the initial
+/// Read and parse /system/configuration/devices.csv once at boot. The file lives in the initial
 /// ramdisk, which the kernel serves directly — no filesystem service need be up
 /// (fat is spawned after the manager), so this is a plain fs.open + read.
 fn loadRegistry() void {
-    var file = fs.open("/etc/devices.csv", .{}) orelse {
+    var file = fs.open("/system/configuration/devices.csv", .{}) orelse {
-        _ = logging.write("/system/services/device-manager: /etc/devices.csv missing — nothing will match\n");
+        _ = logging.write("/system/services/device-manager: /system/configuration/devices.csv missing — nothing will match\n");
         return;
     };
     defer file.close();
@@ -58,9 +58,9 @@ fn loadRegistry() void {
     }
     const result = registry.parse(registry_source[0..used], &registry_rules);
     registry_count = result.count;
-    if (result.malformed != 0) std.log.info("/etc/devices.csv: {d} malformed line(s) skipped", .{result.malformed});
+    if (result.malformed != 0) std.log.info("/system/configuration/devices.csv: {d} malformed line(s) skipped", .{result.malformed});
-    if (result.truncated) _ = logging.write("/system/services/device-manager: /etc/devices.csv has more rules than the table holds\n");
+    if (result.truncated) _ = logging.write("/system/services/device-manager: /system/configuration/devices.csv has more rules than the table holds\n");
-    std.log.info("/etc/devices.csv: {d} rule(s) loaded", .{registry_count});
+    std.log.info("/system/configuration/devices.csv: {d} rule(s) loaded", .{registry_count});
 }
 
 /// Build a registry Identity from a bus driver's report: the bus it named, the
@@ -443,7 +443,7 @@ fn onChildAdded(message: []const u8, reply: []u8, sender: u32) usize {
         if (!addChild(report.parent, report.bus_address, report.identity, report.device_id, sender)) status = -1;
         std.log.info("child added (device {d} port {d}, identity {d}) by {s}", .{ report.parent, report.bus_address, report.identity, driver.name() });
         if (status == 0) publishEvent(message[0..device_manager_protocol.child_added_size]);
-        // Matching from reports (M19.3), now data-driven via the /etc/devices.csv
+        // Matching from reports (M19.3), now data-driven via the /system/configuration/devices.csv
         // registry: a registered child gets the most-specific driver its identity
         // matches, once — re-reports after a bus restart dedupe on the registered
         // id, exactly like the registrations do.
@@ -451,7 +451,7 @@ fn onChildAdded(message: []const u8, reply: []u8, sender: u32) usize {
             const id = identityFromReport(report);
             if (registry.matchDriver(registry_rules[0..registry_count], id)) |match| {
                 if (match.ambiguous)
-                    std.log.info("/etc/devices.csv: multiple equally-specific rules match the device {s} reported; binding {s}", .{ driver.name(), match.driver });
+                    std.log.info("/system/configuration/devices.csv: multiple equally-specific rules match the device {s} reported; binding {s}", .{ driver.name(), match.driver });
                 if (id.bus == .acpi) {
                     // An hid-matched driver (ps2-bus) is a singleton that finds its
                     // own devices once spawned — spawn it once, no device assignment.

system/services/fat/engine.zig

@@ -73,7 +73,7 @@ const entries_per_sector = sector_size / @sizeOf(on_disk.DirectoryEntry); // 16
 // A small write-through cache of single-sector (metadata) accesses: FAT sectors,
 // directory sectors, and directory-entry writebacks. Its payoff is repeated scans
 // — resolving many paths under the same directory (a logging burst opening dozens
-// of files under /var/log/<stamp>/) re-reads the same directory and FAT sectors,
+// of files under /system/logs/<stamp>/) re-reads the same directory and FAT sectors,
 // which now come from RAM instead of a USB round trip each. Bulk file data (the
 // multi-sector run path) bypasses the cache — it is large and not re-read — and a
 // run write invalidates any overlapping cached sector to stay coherent.

system/services/fat/fat.zig

@@ -1,8 +1,8 @@
 //! system/services/fat — the FAT filesystem server. Spawned as a boot service, it
 //! opens the block device (a USB stick via usb-storage) under `.block`, mounts the
 //! FAT filesystem on it (the pure engine in engine.zig), and mounts itself into
-//! the VFS at /mnt/usb. From then on the VFS forwards every open/read/write/
+//! the VFS at /volumes/usb. From then on the VFS forwards every open/read/write/
-//! status/readdir/close under /mnt/usb to this server, which serves the same
+//! status/readdir/close under /volumes/usb to this server, which serves the same
 //! vfs-protocol as a backend — turning block reads into file reads.
 //!
 //! The block data path never crosses IPC: a DMA bounce buffer is handed to the
@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@ const engine = @import("engine.zig");
 const on_disk = @import("on-disk.zig");
 const vfs_protocol = @import("vfs-protocol");
 
-const mount_point = "/mnt/usb";
+const mount_point = "/volumes/usb";
 
 // The engine's BlockDevice, backed by the `.block` driver plus a DMA bounce
 // buffer the driver reads/writes by physical address.
@@ -144,18 +144,25 @@ fn tryBringUp() void {
     };
     std.log.info("mounted FAT ({s}, {d} clusters, partition lba {d})", .{ @tagName(filesystem.geometry.fat_type), filesystem.geometry.cluster_count, filesystem.base_lba });
 
-    // Mount ourselves into the kernel VFS at /mnt/usb — and serve /var from the
+    // Mount ourselves into the kernel VFS at /volumes/usb — and serve
-    // volume's /var subtree, so FHS paths (the logger's /var/log) stay decoupled
+    // /system/configuration and /system/logs from the volume's identically-named
-    // from which volume carries them.
+    // subtrees (the boot volume is hierarchy-shaped, so rewrite == prefix), so
+    // hierarchy paths (the logger's /system/logs) stay decoupled from which
+    // volume carries them.
     if (file_system.mount(mount_point, endpointForMount())) {
         std.log.info("mounted {s}", .{mount_point});
     } else {
-        _ = logging.write("/system/services/fat: could not mount /mnt/usb\n");
+        _ = logging.write("/system/services/fat: could not mount /volumes/usb\n");
     }
-    if (file_system.mountRewritten("/var", endpointForMount(), "/var")) {
+    if (file_system.mountRewritten("/system/configuration", endpointForMount(), "/system/configuration")) {
-        std.log.info("mounted /var", .{});
+        std.log.info("mounted /system/configuration", .{});
     } else {
-        _ = logging.write("/system/services/fat: could not mount /var\n");
+        _ = logging.write("/system/services/fat: could not mount /system/configuration\n");
+    }
+    if (file_system.mountRewritten("/system/logs", endpointForMount(), "/system/logs")) {
+        std.log.info("mounted /system/logs", .{});
+    } else {
+        _ = logging.write("/system/services/fat: could not mount /system/logs\n");
     }
     mounted = true;
 }

system/services/init/init.zig

@@ -29,17 +29,17 @@ const fs = @import("file-system");
 const csv = @import("csv");
 
 /// The system services init brings up at boot are init's policy, not the kernel's —
-/// and that policy is now data: `/etc/init.csv` (see `loadServices`), read at
+/// and that policy is now data: `/system/configuration/init.csv` (see `loadServices`), read at
 /// startup instead of a hardcoded list. Drivers are absent on purpose: the device
 /// manager owns those.
 ///
-/// The most services `/etc/init.csv` can list, and the most argv entries (beyond the
+/// The most services `/system/configuration/init.csv` can list, and the most argv entries (beyond the
 /// path) each may carry. Fixed caps because init parses the list into static storage —
 /// the freestanding, no-allocator counterpart to the device manager's registry table.
 const max_services = 16;
 const max_service_args = 4;
 
-/// One service init starts, parsed from a row of `/etc/init.csv`: its binary path
+/// One service init starts, parsed from a row of `/system/configuration/init.csv`: its binary path
 /// and argv, both slices into `init_csv` (held for the life of the process).
 const Service = struct {
     path: []const u8 = "",
@@ -50,7 +50,7 @@ const Service = struct {
     }
 };
 
-/// The `/etc/init.csv` bytes, held because the parsed services slice into them.
+/// The `/system/configuration/init.csv` bytes, held because the parsed services slice into them.
 var init_csv: [4096]u8 = undefined;
 var services: [max_services]Service = .{Service{}} ** max_services;
 var service_count: usize = 0;
@@ -65,16 +65,16 @@ var restart_counts: [max_services]u32 = .{0} ** max_services;
 var shutting_down = false;
 var supervision_endpoint: ipc.Handle = 0;
 
-/// Parse `/etc/init.csv` into `services`, in file order (startup order; shutdown is
+/// Parse `/system/configuration/init.csv` into `services`, in file order (startup order; shutdown is
 /// the reverse). Each row is a binary path followed by its argv, comma-separated;
 /// `#` comments and blank lines are ignored. The file lives in the initial ramdisk,
 /// which the kernel serves directly, so init — PID 1, running before any filesystem
 /// service — reads it with a plain fs.open, the same mechanism the device manager
-/// uses for /etc/devices.csv. A missing file means no services (the no-ramdisk
+/// uses for /system/configuration/devices.csv. A missing file means no services (the no-ramdisk
 /// isolation test): loud, but not fatal.
 fn loadServices() void {
-    var file = fs.open("/etc/init.csv", .{}) orelse {
+    var file = fs.open("/system/configuration/init.csv", .{}) orelse {
-        _ = logging.write("/system/services/init: /etc/init.csv missing — no services started\n");
+        _ = logging.write("/system/services/init: /system/configuration/init.csv missing — no services started\n");
         return;
     };
     defer file.close();
@@ -89,7 +89,7 @@ fn loadServices() void {
         const body = csv.stripComment(line);
         if (body.len == 0) continue;
         if (service_count >= services.len) {
-            _ = logging.write("/system/services/init: /etc/init.csv has more services than the table holds\n");
+            _ = logging.write("/system/services/init: /system/configuration/init.csv has more services than the table holds\n");
             break;
         }
         var it = csv.fields(body);
@@ -137,7 +137,7 @@ pub fn main() void {
 
     // Load the service list, then bring each up supervised so init can stop them
     // cleanly. Best-effort and silent: each service announces its own readiness,
-    // and with no /etc/init.csv (an isolation test) the loop starts nothing.
+    // and with no /system/configuration/init.csv (an isolation test) the loop starts nothing.
     loadServices();
     for (services[0..service_count], 0..) |*service, i| {
         if (process.spawnSupervised(service.path, service.arguments(), supervision_endpoint)) |id| child_ids[i] = id;

system/services/logger/logger.zig

@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@
 //! demultiplexes it into **one file per process** on the flash volume:
 //!
 //!     <base>/<boot-stamp>/<binary-path>.log
-//!     e.g. /mnt/usb/var/log/2026-07-21T101530Z/system/services/fat.log
+//!     e.g. /volumes/usb/system/logs/2026-07-21T101530Z/system/services/fat.log
 //!
 //! The boot stamp is the wall-clock time of boot (from klog_status), so one
 //! boot session is one self-contained directory; the kernel's own records go to
@@ -37,11 +37,11 @@ const time = @import("time");
 const logging = @import("logging");
 
 
-/// Where log trees live: the FHS path. The kernel VFS routes /var to whatever
+/// Where log trees live: the hierarchy path. The kernel VFS routes /system/logs
-/// volume the fat server mounted there (today: the /var subtree of the USB
+/// to whatever volume the fat server mounted there (today: the /system/logs
-/// flash volume) — swapping the persistent medium later touches fat's two
+/// subtree of the USB flash volume) — swapping the persistent medium later
-/// mount calls, never this constant.
+/// touches fat's mount calls, never this constant.
-const base = "/var/log";
+const base = "/system/logs";
 
 /// Drain cadence and the quiet period after which files are closed (flushed).
 const tick_ms = 250;
@@ -128,7 +128,7 @@ fn onTerminate() void {
 
 fn tick() void {
     if (!storage_ready) {
-        // makePath doubles as the readiness probe: while /var is unmounted the
+        // makePath doubles as the readiness probe: while /system/logs is unmounted the
         // resolve fails fast (no storage round trip) and the ring buffers; the
         // first success creates the whole per-boot tree.
         if (!fs.makePath(boot_directory[0..boot_directory_len])) return;

test/qemu_test.py

@@ -172,7 +172,7 @@ CASES = [
      "smp":    4,
      "timeout": 150,
      "qemu_extra": ["-device", "intel-iommu,intremap=off"],
-     "expect": r"(?s)(?=.*/system/kernel: iommu online)(?=.*fat: mounted /mnt/usb)(?=.*fat-test: ok)",
+     "expect": r"(?s)(?=.*/system/kernel: iommu online)(?=.*fat: mounted /volumes/usb)(?=.*fat-test: ok)",
      "fail":   r"DANOS-TEST-RESULT: FAIL|DANOS-IOMMU-FAULT"},
     # DMA + MSI under translation: interrupt-IN reports arrive through translated DMA and
     # the xHC's MSI/MSI-X still delivers (the 0xFEE00000 interrupt window bypasses second-
@@ -208,7 +208,7 @@ CASES = [
      "smp":    4,
      "timeout": 150,
      "qemu_extra": ["-device", "amd-iommu,dma-remap=on,intremap=off"],
-     "expect": r"(?s)(?=.*iommu online \(AMD-Vi\))(?=.*fat: mounted /mnt/usb)(?=.*fat-test: ok)",
+     "expect": r"(?s)(?=.*iommu online \(AMD-Vi\))(?=.*fat: mounted /volumes/usb)(?=.*fat-test: ok)",
      "fail":   r"DANOS-TEST-RESULT: FAIL|DANOS-IOMMU-FAULT"},
     # Port I/O grants: a claimed device's io_port resource lets a driver read/write its
     # ports (PS/2 status 0x64), gated by the claim; out-of-range/unclaimed is refused.
@@ -623,13 +623,13 @@ CASES = [
      "expect": r"usb-storage: ready[\s\S]*usb-storage: block 0 signature 0x55aa",
      "fail":   r"DANOS-TEST-RESULT: FAIL"},
     # FAT mount end to end: the fat server mounts the boot usb-storage device (the
-    # FAT32 image) into the VFS at /mnt/usb. A fat-test client then lists and reads
+    # FAT32 image) into the VFS at /volumes/usb. A fat-test client then lists and reads
     # through the mount — proof of the whole stack: block device -> FAT parse ->
     # VFS routing -> file read.
     {"name": "fat-mount",
      "smp":    4,
      "timeout": 150,
-     "expect": r"fat: mounted /mnt/usb[\s\S]*fat-test: ok",
+     "expect": r"fat: mounted /volumes/usb[\s\S]*fat-test: ok",
      "fail":   r"DANOS-TEST-RESULT: FAIL"},
     # Phase 2b: mkdir/unlink through the mount. Reuses the fat-mount build — the
     # fat-test client, after listing, makes a directory, writes+reads a file inside
@@ -714,7 +714,7 @@ CASES = [
      "smp":    4,
      "timeout": 150,
      "qmp_after": {"delay": 8, "command": "system_powerdown"},
-     "expect": r"logger: logging to /var/log/\d{4}-\d{2}-\d{2}T\d{6}Z[\s\S]*"
+     "expect": r"logger: logging to /system/logs/\d{4}-\d{2}-\d{2}T\d{6}Z[\s\S]*"
                r"init: shutting down[\s\S]*"
                r"logger: flushed through sequence \d+[\s\S]*"
                r"power: entering S5",
@@ -935,7 +935,7 @@ def run_case(arch, case):
     # The bootable FAT32 USB image the build produced (tools/make-fat-image.py),
     # presented to the guest as a usb-storage device (see qemu_args).
     # Boot a per-run COPY of the image: the guest MUTATES its boot volume (the
-    # fat tests create/delete files; the logger writes /var/log), and QEMU is
+    # fat tests create/delete files; the logger writes /system/logs), and QEMU is
     # hard-killed after a match — booting the build artifact in place let one
     # run's leftovers fail the next (a stale TESTDIR trips the mkdir-duplicate
     # refusal) and dirtied the build cache's own output.

test/system/services/fat-test/fat-test.zig

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 //! test/system/services/fat-test — a client that proves the FAT mount end to end:
-//! it waits for the fat server to mount the USB volume at /mnt/usb, lists the
+//! it waits for the fat server to mount the USB volume at /volumes/usb, lists the
-//! root directory through the VFS (which routes /mnt/usb to the fat backend), and
+//! root directory through the VFS (which routes /volumes/usb to the fat backend), and
 //! reads a known file off it. Shipped in the initial_ramdisk; the `fat-mount`
 //! kernel test spawns it alongside init.
 
@@ -18,16 +18,16 @@ fn writeLine(comptime fmt: []const u8, arguments: anytype) void {
 pub fn main(init: process.Init) void {
     _ = init;
 
-    // Wait for /mnt/usb to be mounted — the fat server races us at boot (it must
+    // Wait for /volumes/usb to be mounted — the fat server races us at boot (it must
     // bring up the whole USB storage chain first).
     var opened: ?fs.Directory = null;
     var tries: u32 = 0;
     while (opened == null and tries < 1400) : (tries += 1) {
-        opened = fs.openDirectory("/mnt/usb");
+        opened = fs.openDirectory("/volumes/usb");
         if (opened == null) time.sleepMillis(50);
     }
     var dir = opened orelse {
-        _ = logging.write("fat-test: /mnt/usb never became available\n");
+        _ = logging.write("fat-test: /volumes/usb never became available\n");
         return;
     };
 
@@ -43,56 +43,56 @@ pub fn main(init: process.Init) void {
 
     // Read a known file off the boot volume through the mount (best effort): the
     // kernel image is an ELF, so its first bytes are the ELF magic.
-    if (fs.open("/mnt/usb/system/kernel", .{})) |opened_file| {
+    if (fs.open("/volumes/usb/system/kernel", .{})) |opened_file| {
         var file = opened_file;
         var magic: [4]u8 = undefined;
         const n = file.read(&magic) orelse 0;
         file.close();
         if (n == 4 and magic[0] == 0x7F and magic[1] == 'E' and magic[2] == 'L' and magic[3] == 'F') {
-            _ = logging.write("fat-test: read /mnt/usb/system/kernel ELF magic ok\n");
+            _ = logging.write("fat-test: read /volumes/usb/system/kernel ELF magic ok\n");
         } else {
-            writeLine("fat-test: /mnt/usb/system/kernel read {d} bytes (not ELF magic)\n", .{n});
+            writeLine("fat-test: /volumes/usb/system/kernel read {d} bytes (not ELF magic)\n", .{n});
         }
     }
 
     // Exercise directory + file mutation through the mount: mkdir, create a file
     // inside it, read it back, then remove it — proof mkdir/unlink reach the engine.
-    if (fs.makeDirectory("/mnt/usb/TESTDIR")) {
+    if (fs.makeDirectory("/volumes/usb/TESTDIR")) {
         var wrote = false;
-        if (fs.open("/mnt/usb/TESTDIR/HELLO.TXT", .{ .create = true, .truncate = true })) |created| {
+        if (fs.open("/volumes/usb/TESTDIR/HELLO.TXT", .{ .create = true, .truncate = true })) |created| {
             var f = created;
             wrote = (f.writeAll("mutation-ok") orelse 0) == "mutation-ok".len;
             f.close();
         }
         // The created file carries a real modification time (stamped from the RTC).
         var mtime_ok = false;
-        if (fs.attributes("/mnt/usb/TESTDIR/HELLO.TXT")) |attrs| {
+        if (fs.attributes("/volumes/usb/TESTDIR/HELLO.TXT")) |attrs| {
             writeLine("fat-test: mtime {d}\n", .{attrs.mtime});
             mtime_ok = attrs.mtime > 1_577_836_800; // after 2020-01-01
         }
         if (mtime_ok) _ = logging.write("fat-test: mtime ok\n");
 
         // Rename it, then read from the new name and confirm the old name is gone.
-        const renamed = fs.rename("/mnt/usb/TESTDIR/HELLO.TXT", "/mnt/usb/TESTDIR/RENAMED.TXT");
+        const renamed = fs.rename("/volumes/usb/TESTDIR/HELLO.TXT", "/volumes/usb/TESTDIR/RENAMED.TXT");
-        const old_gone = !fs.exists("/mnt/usb/TESTDIR/HELLO.TXT");
+        const old_gone = !fs.exists("/volumes/usb/TESTDIR/HELLO.TXT");
         if (renamed and old_gone) _ = logging.write("fat-test: rename ok\n");
         var readback = false;
-        if (fs.open("/mnt/usb/TESTDIR/RENAMED.TXT", .{})) |reopened| {
+        if (fs.open("/volumes/usb/TESTDIR/RENAMED.TXT", .{})) |reopened| {
             var f = reopened;
             var buf: [16]u8 = undefined;
             const got = f.read(&buf) orelse 0;
             f.close();
             readback = std.mem.eql(u8, buf[0..got], "mutation-ok");
         }
-        const removed = fs.remove("/mnt/usb/TESTDIR/RENAMED.TXT");
+        const removed = fs.remove("/volumes/usb/TESTDIR/RENAMED.TXT");
-        const gone = !fs.exists("/mnt/usb/TESTDIR/RENAMED.TXT");
+        const gone = !fs.exists("/volumes/usb/TESTDIR/RENAMED.TXT");
         if (wrote and mtime_ok and renamed and old_gone and readback and removed and gone) {
             _ = logging.write("fat-test: mutations ok\n");
         } else {
             writeLine("fat-test: mutations FAILED (wrote={} mtime={} renamed={} oldgone={} read={} removed={} gone={})\n", .{ wrote, mtime_ok, renamed, old_gone, readback, removed, gone });
         }
     } else {
-        _ = logging.write("fat-test: mkdir /mnt/usb/TESTDIR failed\n");
+        _ = logging.write("fat-test: mkdir /volumes/usb/TESTDIR failed\n");
     }
 
     if (count > 0) {

test/system/services/vfs-test/vfs-test.zig

@@ -77,7 +77,7 @@ fn park() void {
     var parked: ?fs.File = null;
     var tries: u32 = 0;
     while (parked == null and tries < 1000) : (tries += 1) {
-        parked = fs.open("/mnt/usb/parked", .{ .create = true });
+        parked = fs.open("/volumes/usb/parked", .{ .create = true });
         if (parked == null) time.sleepMillis(20);
     }
     if (parked == null) {