block: per-sender range confinement — V2a mechanism

The block protocol gains define_range (appended, numbers hold): confine the
process named by `badge` to blocks [base, base+count). usb-storage keeps a
per-badge range table and, in read/write, translates volume-relative LBAs
(base added) and refuses any transfer past the volume end. geometry returns
the confined size, so a filesystem mounts against what it may actually touch.

The security seam (decision 4, settled): the clamp lives at the PROVIDER, so
a channel carries exactly the authority it grants — handing a filesystem the
whole disk plus a base offset would let it reach the neighbouring partition.
The gate: a confined caller may NOT call define_range, so a filesystem cannot
widen its own range or confine anyone; only an unconfined party (the volume
manager, whole-device) may. The volume manager defines a filesystem's range
before handing it the channel, so the ordering holds by construction.

Default (no range for a badge) is the whole device — behaviour-neutral for a
single-volume boot and what the volume manager itself uses to probe
partitions. The range table is declared through bounds.md as a runaway
detector (ours, refuse at limit), not a real-partition cap. Neutral:
fat-mount, usb-storage, iommu-usb-storage green. The discrimination fixture
(a confined process reads past its range and is refused) follows next.

library/device/block/block.zig

@@ -63,6 +63,15 @@ pub const Device = struct {
         return self.call(.flush, {}, null, &reply) != null;
     }
 
+    /// Confine the process `badge` to blocks `[base_lba, base_lba + block_count)`
+    /// on this device — the volume manager's per-volume grant to a filesystem.
+    /// The caller must itself be unconfined (whole-device); a confined caller is
+    /// refused, so a filesystem cannot widen its own range. See `DefineRange`.
+    pub fn defineRange(self: Device, badge: u32, base_lba: u64, block_count: u64) bool {
+        var reply: [block_protocol.message_maximum]u8 = undefined;
+        return self.call(.define_range, .{ .badge = badge, .base_lba = base_lba, .block_count = block_count }, null, &reply) != null;
+    }
+
     /// One request at the driver. `target` is always 0: one endpoint per device, so
     /// there is no object within the peer to address.
     fn call(

library/protocol/block/block-protocol.zig

@@ -37,6 +37,26 @@ pub const Transfer = extern struct {
 /// How many blocks a transfer actually moved.
 pub const Transferred = extern struct { count: u32 };
 
+/// `define_range(badge, base_lba, block_count)`: confine the sender identified by
+/// `badge` to blocks `[base_lba, base_lba + block_count)`. The volume manager
+/// calls this for each filesystem process it hands a channel to — the badge is
+/// the filesystem's kernel-stamped task id, and the range is the partition it
+/// mounts. A confined sender's read/write LBAs are then volume-relative (the
+/// driver adds `base_lba`) and a transfer past `block_count` is refused. A
+/// sender with no range is unconfined (the whole device), the default until the
+/// volume manager defines one. The clamp lives at the provider because a channel
+/// must carry exactly the authority it grants (storage-architecture.md): handing
+/// a filesystem the whole disk plus a base offset would let it reach the
+/// neighbouring partition. **A confined caller may not call this** — a filesystem
+/// cannot redefine its own range and escape; only an unconfined party (the
+/// volume manager) confines others.
+pub const DefineRange = extern struct {
+    badge: u32,
+    _padding: u32 = 0,
+    base_lba: u64,
+    block_count: u64,
+};
+
 pub const Protocol = envelope.Define(.{
     .name = "block",
     .version = 1,
@@ -60,6 +80,10 @@ pub const Protocol = envelope.Define(.{
         // makes is revocable by the granter while alive; death remains the
         // mechanical backstop (storage-architecture.md, the lifecycle rule).
         .{ .name = "detach" },
+        // define_range(): confine a sender to a block sub-range — the partition
+        // it mounts. See `DefineRange`. Appended, so every verb above keeps its
+        // number.
+        .{ .name = "define_range", .request = DefineRange },
     },
 });