danos/system/services/device-manager/device-manager.zig

//! /system/services/device-manager — the ring-3 process that turns the device
//! tree into a running system. The kernel enumerates the hardware and enforces the
//! claim capability (mechanism); this decides *which driver serves which device*
//! and, eventually, spawns it (policy). Keeping that split in user space is the
//! whole point of the microkernel: the manager is an ordinary, restartable process
//! with no special privilege — it uses the same `device_*` system calls any process
//! could ([drivers.md](../../../docs/drivers.md), [driver-model.md]).
//!
//! Increment 2 (this file): enumerate /system/devices, *match* each device to a
//! driver, and *spawn* it with `system_spawn` — the kernel loads the named binary
//! from the initial-ramdisk as a fresh ring-3 process. On QEMU this discovers the
//! HPET, decides `hpet` serves it, and brings that driver all the way up. (The
//! kernel still auto-spawns the whole initial-ramdisk at boot; increment 3 removes
//! that redundancy so the manager is the sole owner of driver spawning.)
const std = @import("std");
const runtime = @import("runtime");
const acpi_ids = @import("acpi-ids");
const device = runtime.device;
const system = runtime.system;

/// Format one whole log line and emit it in a single `debug_write`, so output
/// from the drivers this manager starts (which run concurrently) can never land
/// in the middle of it.
fn writeLine(comptime fmt: []const u8, arguments: anytype) void {
    var line: [128]u8 = undefined;
    _ = runtime.system.write(std.fmt.bufPrint(&line, fmt, arguments) catch return);
}

/// The driver that serves each device — the policy table. In a fuller system
/// this comes from the drivers describing what they bind (or a manifest under
/// /system/drivers); for now it is a small static map, which is enough to prove the
/// manager reads the tree and decides. `null` = no driver for this class yet.
fn driverFor(d: device.DeviceDescriptor) ?[]const u8 {
    // detect device via DeviceClass
    if (d.class == @intFromEnum(device.DeviceClass.timer)) return "hpet";
    // detect device via hid
    const hid = d.hid[0..@intCast(d.hid_len)];
    const id = acpi_ids.HardwareId.fromHid(hid) orelse return null;
    return switch (id) {
        .ps2_keyboard, .ps2_mouse => "ps2-bus",
        else => null,
    };
}

/// The PCI class/subclass/prog-IF triple of an xHCI (USB 3) host controller:
/// Serial Bus Controller (0x0C) / USB Controller (0x03) / XHCI (0x30) — the names
/// pci-class.zig decodes.
const xhci_pci_class: u64 = 0x0C_03_30;

/// The bus driver that serves a PCI function, or null. Unlike the singleton drivers
/// in `driverFor`, a machine can carry several identical controllers — so the caller
/// spawns one driver instance *per device*, passing the device id as argv[1] for the
/// instance to claim.
fn pciDriverFor(d: device.DeviceDescriptor) ?[]const u8 {
    if (d.class != @intFromEnum(device.DeviceClass.pci_device)) return null;
    return switch (d.pci_class) {
        xhci_pci_class => "usb-xhci-bus",
        else => null,
    };
}

/// Spawn one instance of `driver_name` to serve the specific device `id` — the id
/// arrives as argv[1]. No isProcessRunning gate here: the name alone cannot tell two
/// instances apart, and this manager is the sole spawner of drivers.
fn spawnForDevice(driver_name: []const u8, id: u64) void {
    var text: [20]u8 = undefined;
    const id_text = std.fmt.bufPrint(&text, "{d}", .{id}) catch return;
    if (system.spawnWithArguments(driver_name, &.{id_text}) != null) {
        writeLine("device-manager: spawned {s} for device {d}\n", .{ driver_name, id });
    } else {
        writeLine("device-manager: failed to spawn {s} for device {d}\n", .{ driver_name, id });
    }
}

pub fn main() void {
    // Enumerate into a heap buffer (too big for the one-page user stack).
    const buffer = runtime.allocator().alloc(device.DeviceDescriptor, 64) catch {
        _ = runtime.system.write("device-manager: out of memory\n");
        return;
    };
    const total = device.enumerate(buffer);
    const count = @min(total, buffer.len);

    var matched: usize = 0;
    for (buffer[0..count]) |descriptor| {
        if (pciDriverFor(descriptor)) |driver_name| {
            matched += 1;
            spawnForDevice(driver_name, descriptor.id);
            continue;
        }
        const driver_name = driverFor(descriptor) orelse continue;
        matched += 1;
        if (!system.isProcessRunning(driver_name)) {
            if (runtime.system.spawn(driver_name) != null) {
                writeLine("device-manager: spawned {s}\n", .{driver_name});
            } else {
                writeLine("device-manager: failed to spawn {s}\n", .{driver_name});
            }
        } else {
            writeLine("device-manager: already spawned {s}\n", .{driver_name});
        }
    }

    if (matched == 0) {
        _ = runtime.system.write("device-manager: no matchable devices\n");
        return;
    }
    _ = runtime.system.write("device-manager: ok\n");
    while (true) runtime.system.sleep(1000);
}

pub const panic = runtime.panic;
comptime {
    _ = &runtime.start._start; // pull the runtime entry shim into the image
}